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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Los Angeles |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = May 12, 1921 |government_type = Council/Manager〔 |leader_title = City council |leader_name = Mayor Patrick J. Furey Heidi Ann Ashcraft Gene Barnett Tim Goodrich Mike Griffiths Geoff Rizzo Kurt Weideman |leader_title1 = City treasurer |leader_name1 = Dana Cortez〔 |leader_title2 = City clerk |leader_name2 = Rebecca Poirier〔 | unit_pref = US | area_footnotes = | area_total_sq_mi = 20.553 | area_total_km2 = 53.233 | area_land_sq_mi = 20.478 | area_land_km2 = 53.038 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.075 | area_water_km2 = 0.195 | area_water_percent = 0.37 | area_note = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_ft = 89 |elevation_m = 27 |population_as_of = April 1, 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 145438 |pop_est_footnotes = 〔 |population_est = 147,478 |pop_est_as_of = 2013 |population_rank = 8th in Los Angeles County 39th in California 171st in the United States |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = Pacific |utc_offset = −8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = −7 |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 90501–90510 |area_code_type = Area codes |area_code = 310/424 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = |blank1_name = GNIS feature IDs |blank1_info = , |website = |footnotes = }} Torrance is an affluent city in the South Bay (southwestern) region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. Torrance has of beaches on the Pacific Ocean, which are quieter and less well known by tourists than others on the Santa Monica Bay, such as those of neighboring Redondo Beach and Manhattan Beach. Torrance enjoys a moderate year-round climate with warm temperatures, sea breezes, low humidity and an average rainfall of 12.55 inches per year.〔(City of Torrance Website: About Torrance ) Retrieved 2009-04-07〕 Since its incorporation in 1921, Torrance has grown rapidly. Its estimated 2013 population was 147,478.〔 This residential and light high-tech industries city has 90,000 street trees and 30 city parks.〔 Known for its low crime rates, the city consistently ranks among the safest cities in Los Angeles County.〔(LALife Safety )〕 Torrance is the birthplace of the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO). In addition, the city of Torrance has the second highest percentage of Japanese in North America (8.88%).〔http://zipatlas.com/us/city-comparison/percentage-japanese-population.htm〕 ==History== Torrance was originally part of the Tongva Native American homeland for thousands of years. In 1784 the Spanish land grant for Rancho San Pedro, in the upper Las Californias Province of New Spain and encompassing present day Torrance, was issued to Juan Jose Dominguez by King Carlos III—the Spanish Empire.〔(The Rancho San Pedro Collection )〕〔Robert Cameron Gillingham, 1961, ''The Rancho San Pedro'', Cole Holinquist〕 It was later divided in 1846 with Governor Pío Pico granting Rancho de los Palos Verdes to José Loreto and Juan Capistrano Sepulveda, in the Alta California territory of independent Mexico.〔Ogden Hoffman, 1862, ''Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California'', Numa Hubert, San Francisco〕〔(Diseño del Rancho de los Palos Verdes )〕 In the early 1900s, real estate developer Jared Sidney Torrance and other investors saw the value of creating a mixed industrial-residential community south of Los Angeles. They purchased part of an old Spanish land grant and hired landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. to design a new planned community.〔(http://www.hellotorrance.com/History.Cfm ) ''hellotorrance.com''〕 The resulting town was founded in October 1912 and named after Torrance. The city of Torrance was formally incorporated in May 1921, the townsite being bounded by Western Avenue on the east, Del Amo Boulevard on the north, Crenshaw Boulevard on the west, & on the south by Plaza Del Amo east of where it meets Carson Street, & by Carson Street west of where it meets Plaza Del Amo.〔(http://www.ci.torrance.ca.us/8762.htm ) ''ci.torrance.ca.us''〕 The first residential avenue created in Torrance was Gramercy and the second avenue was Andreo. Many of the houses on these avenues turned 100 years of age in 2012. Both avenues are located in the area referred to as Old Town Torrance. This section of Torrance is under review to be classified as a historical district.〔(http://www.ci.torrance.ca.us ) ''ci.torrance.ca.us''〕 Some of the early civic and residential buildings were designed by the renowned and innovative Southern California architect Irving Gill, in his distinctive combining of Mission Revival and early Modernist architecture.〔http://torrancehistoricalsociety.org/ . accessed 8/28/2010〕 Historically the El Nido neighborhood was home to many European immigrants, such as originally Dutch, German, Greek, Italian and Portuguese people; soon joined by Mexican-American and Hispanic and Latino immigrants; employed in the growing early 20th century agriculture, petroleum, and manufacturing industries, such as the fish canneries. Rapid new growth in Torrance began after World War II as wartime industries transformed into Post-war Aerospace manufacturers and related technology industries. Large housing developments were built in the 1950s and 1960s to accommodate the new population. Torrance moved on after the closure of some aerospace development and oil refinery plants in the 1990s statewide recession. Torrance survived the deindustrialization, regional economic slowdowns and national recessions in the 1970s to 2000s. Large-scale Asian immigration in the past couple of decades has transformed Torrance into a diverse and multicultural city. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Torrance, California」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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